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Wonders of Central America

Semuc Champey
Semuc Champey. / Esmée Winnubst, Flickr / CC BY 2.0

WorldBlue  Highlights

Central American is a transition: a land bridge between the enormous North American and South American continents, a narrow divide between Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and a meeting point of the mysterious, grand civilizations of the past and the rich European heritage.

The natural and cultural heritage of this region is very rich and by far – not fully studied yet. The most amazing wonders of Central America are:

  • Archaeological heritage, especially – heritage of Maya civilization. Maya has left many thousands of amazing landmarks and new ones are discovered frequently. There are also wonders made by other ancient cultures as well.
  • Biodiversity values – biological diversity of Central American countries is one of the highest in the world. Several large tropical forests still exist in Central America. Unique biotopes have developed on isolated summits of mountains and some islands.
  • Historical cities and architecture – first European built cities in mainland America were built in Central America. Here are churches, and other buildings in Renaissance, Baroque, and later historical styles.
Countries of Central America

Map with the described wonders

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WorldViolet Top 25 wonders of Central America

Geological wonders of Central America

Great Blue Hole

Belize

A perfectly round undersea sinkhole, 318 meters across and 124 meters deep. Contains tilted stalactites possibly hinting at tectonic movements.

Great Blue Hole, Belize
Great Blue Hole / Eric Pheterson, Flickr / CC BY 2.0
Masaya volcano

Nicaragua

Very active and unusual volcano (635 m) with several active craters. Santiago crater emits large amounts of sulfur dioxide that created acid rain and eliminated vegetation around the volcano. Masaya crater contains intermittent lava lakes – in 1670 in Nindiri crater it was up to 1 km large, by far the largest known lava lake.

Lava lake of Masaya Volcano
Lava lake of Masaya Volcano. / Jorge MejĂ­a peralta, Flickr / CC BY 2.0
Poas Volcano and Laguna Caliente

Costa Rica

Very active and unusual volcano with Laguna Caliente – a lake of extreme acidity reaching up to 0.0 of pH. Frequent phreatic eruptions may eject this acid up to 1 kilometer high. Around the volcano, all the vegetation is stunted brown and black by the extremely acid clouds coming from this lake.

Laguna Caliente in Poás crater in white color
Laguna Caliente in Poás crater in white color / Richie Diesterheft, Flickr. CC BY 2.0
Semuc Champey

Guatemala

Tufa terraces over a 300 m long section of Cahabòn River, forming a group of small, emerald-colored pools. These pools are in a deep, dangerous canyon and end with a cave, where the river disappears.

Semuc Champey tufa terraces, Guatemala
Semuc Champey tufa terraces, Guatemala / Mickaël T, / CC BY 2.0
Barton Creek Cave

Belize

Approximately 7 km long cave with giant passages, navigable river, adorned with dripstone formations and natural bridges. In the past served as a Maya religious center.

Biological wonders of Central America

Monteverde cloud forest

Costa Rica

Cloud forest with extremely high biological diversity. Nature reserve Bosque Nuboso Monteverde has the highest diversity of orchids in the world with more than 500 species, 34 new species were discovered in this forest. Here are found more than 2,500 plant species, 400 bird species, and numerous other organisms.

Rainforest of Cocos Island

Costa Rica

Very picturesque, 24 km² large island with a high number of endemic species of plants and animals. The only island rainforest in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean. At higher elevations grow even cloud forests. Forests contain 70 endemic species of flowering plants, 65 endemic insects, two endemic lizards, three endemic birds, and numerous other endemic organisms.

Archaeological wonders of Central America

Tikal

Guatemala

One of the largest and most important cities of the Maya civilization. The city flourished in the 3rd – 10th century AD. The city contains an impressive complex of ruined structures, including a 47 m high pyramid. Numerous art values – stelae, burials.

Ruins of Tikal in the endless forests of Petén, Guatemala
Ruins of Tikal in the endless forest of Petén / Dennis Jarvis, / CC BY-SA 2.0
El Mirador

Guatemala

Ruins of Maya city that flourished around the 9th century AD. At times there were living more than 100 000 people – thus it was one of the largest cities in the world then. The central part of the city takes some 26 km². The tallest pyramids are more than 70 m tall (La Danta) and belong to the largest constructions in the ancient world. There are other enormous pyramids: El Tigre is 55 m tall, and Los Monos is 48 m tall.

La Danta pyramid in El Mirador - one of the largest pyramids in the world. El Tigre pyramid is seen in the background, to the left
La Danta pyramid in El Mirador – one of the largest pyramids in the world. El Tigre pyramid is seen in the background, to the left / Dennis Jarvis, / CC BY-SA 2.0
Seibal

Guatemala

Ruins of large and important Maya city. The city was inhabited in 400 BC – 200 AD, then for some time it was in decline and flourished again in the 9th century when there lived up to 10,000 people. Found remnants of thousands of buildings, the last monuments were built in 889 AD.

La Danta temple in El Mirador

Guatemala

Possibly the largest ancient man-made structure in the world, 70 m tall Maya shrine, the tallest structure in Pre-Columbian America. 2.8 million cubic meters of building materials have been used for it. Constructed in the 1st century AD.

La Danta pyramid in El Mirador - one of the largest pyramids in the world. El Tigre pyramid is seen in the background, to the left
La Danta pyramid in El Mirador – one of the largest pyramids in the world. El Tigre pyramid is seen in the background, to the left / Dennis Jarvis, / CC BY-SA 2.0
Actun Tunichil Muknal

Belize

Important Maya sacrifice cave with skeletons of sacrificed victims. Includes the famous "Crystal Maiden" – a crystallized, sparkling skeleton of a girl and dripstone formations modified by Maya to resemble human faces and animals.

Skeleton in Actun Tunichil Muknal, Belize
Skeleton in Actun Tunichil Muknal, Belize / Peter Andersen, Wikimedia Commons / SA-BY-SA-3.0
Xunantunich

Belize

An important Mayan city of the Classical era, 200 – 900 AD. Contains numerous buildings, the best known is the 40 m tall El Castillo pyramid. Also site of legends: even the present name of this site stems from deterrent ghost – white dressed women with red glowing eyes seen at El Castillo.

Xunantunich, El Castillo in Belize
Xunantunich, El Castillo / Michael Schamis, Flickr, CC BY 2.0
Quiriguá

Guatemala

Ruins of a very interesting Maya city that was founded sometime around 200 AD and abandoned by 850 AD. Here have been preserved some of the most elaborate stone sculptures in Central America and the tallest prehistoric stone sculptures in America. Stela E is 10.6 m tall and weighs approximately 65 tons, it has been brought from quarries 5 km away. Some other steles are very large as well. The site contains sculpted Maya calendars that have provided much knowledge about this civilization.

Quiriguá, Stela E - the tallest stone monolith in Maya culture, Guatemala
Quiriguá, Stela E – the tallest stone monolith in Maya culture / Jan Pešula, / CC BY-SA 3.0
Copán

Honduras

Remnants of a Maya city that flourished in the 5th – 9th centuries AD when Copán was a capital city. The city was located on the southeastern border of the Maya realm, surrounded by non-Maya peoples. It covered an area of more than 250 km² and had a population of more than 20,000 people. Steles of high artistic quality, as well as the Rosalila temple and numerous other structures and artwork.

Copan
Copan. / Katrina, Flickr / CC BY 2.0
Caracol

Belize

The most important Mayan center in the area of present-day Belize. Inhabited since 1200 BC, flourished in 485 – 889 AD. In its heyday covered an area of 168 km². Contains the highest pyramid in Belize – Caana, some 45 m tall.

Caracol, view from Caana complex, Belize
Caracol, view from Caana complex / , Flickr, SA-BY-SA-2.0
Spheres on Isla del Caño

Costa Rica

Very unusual monument – perfectly round stone (granite) spheres. This is an ancient monument but the exact timing and culture are unknown. Many spheres in Isla del Caño are still in their original place – some are located in an ancient cemetery of the Boruca people. Spheres have been found also in some remote parts of the Osa Peninsula.

Stone spheres on Isla del Caño, Boruca cemetery, Costa Rica
Stone spheres on Isla del Caño, Boruca cemetery, Costa Rica / Photo Courtesy of CostaRicaPhotos.com
Iximche

Guatemala

Ruins of a large Maya city, the capital of a local kingdom from 1470 to 1524. The site contains numerous pyramids, palaces, and two ballcourts. The first capital of the Kingdom of Guatemala, soon abandoned. Thanks to the alliance of the Spanish with local rulers, this city has been largely preserved.

Guayabo de Turrialba

Costa Rica

Most impressive archaeological monument in Costa Rica: a city or ceremonial center (size – 218 ha) that was inhabited in 1000 BC – 1400 AD. It is estimated that roughly in 800 AD there lived some 10,000 people. The site contains remnants of stone structures, paved streets, and plazas, complex aqueducts, bridges. Here are located also the mysterious round stone balls characteristic of this region. Here have been found numerous petroglyphs that show animals, geometric figures, and possible conceptual signs of proto-writing. Found also numerous golden items.

Xultun

Guatemala

Ruins of large, little-explored Maya city with many interesting monuments, such as 35 m tall pyramid, and two ballcourts. There has been found a mural with the Maya calendar that illustrates that Maya did not think that the world’s end will come in 2012.

Tikal Temple V

Guatemala

57 m tall pyramid, built sometimes around 700 AD. Offerings and burials of huge importance for science have been found here.

RĂ­o Azul

Guatemala

Ruins of a large Maya city that flourished around 400 AD. Remnants of 752 buildings, the tallest pyramid in the city is 47 m high. In the city was found a beautiful chocolate pot with a screw for the lid.

Architecture wonders of Central America

Antigua Guatemala

Guatemala

Historical city with well-preserved and beautiful buildings in Baroque and Mudejar styles, one of the most beautiful historical cities in the Americas. This was the third capital of Guatemala, established in 1543 and destroyed by an earthquake in 1717 when more than 3,000 buildings collapsed. The city was destroyed once more in 1773. Since then the capital of Guatemala is in Guatemala City.

Antigua Guatemala and Agua volcano
Antigua Guatemala and Agua volcano / Stacy Cashman, Flickr. CC BY-SA 2.0.
Tayasal – Old Flores (Noh Petén)

Guatemala

The last Maya city – Tayasal – existed on the island of Lake Peten Itza. It was conquered in 1697 and contemporary Flores city was developed here instead. Nowadays this small island is a densely built area with many historical buildings.

Santo Tomás Church in Chichicastenango

Guatemala

Church in Renaissance style, built in 1545 on the top of the Maya temple platform. The steps of the Maya pyramid are revered by Maya up to this day. Nearby is a sacred, carved stone Cofradia of Pascual Abaj.

Santo Tomás Church on the top of Maya pyramid in Chichicastenango, Guatemala
Santo Tomás Church on the top of Maya pyramid in Chichicastenango, Guatemala / chensiyuan, / CC BY-SA 3.0

WorldYellow Recommended books

Don’t Go There. It’s Not Safe. You’ll Die.: And other more rational advice for overlanding Mexico & Central America


Your complete guide for overlanding in Mexico and Central America. This book provides detailed and up-to-date information by country. It also includes 11 chapters of information for planning and preparing your trip and 9 chapters on what to expect while driving through Mexico and Central America. Completed by the authors of LifeRemotely.com this is the most comprehensive guide for driving the Pan American yet!

The Rough Guide to Central America on a Budget


This new, fully updated edition of The Rough Guide to Central America on a Budget is the ultimate guide to the region, covering all seven Central American countries in-depth with Rough Guides’ unique tell-it-like-it-is style. Itineraries help you choose where to go, full-color maps show you how to get around and hundreds of detailed reviews give insider tips on where to stay, eat, and party. Rough Guides’ intrepid authors have climbed up Mayan monuments, braved chicken buses, and hiked through the jungle to give you advice on what to see, how to budget, and when to splurge, while the language section gives you enough Spanish to make some new friends or simply order an ice-cold cerveza.


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